Rumelia and Macedonia in Great East Crisis Between = 1875-1878

Rumelia and Macedonia in Great East = Crisis=20 Between 1875-1878 =

Eas= t=20 Crisis continued its existence in the forms of Near East = Crisis and=20 Far East Crisis when Napoleon Bonaparte entered into Egypt = in 1798=20 and Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1918. The series of = incidents which=20 formed East Crisis, are; Napoleon Bonaparte entered into = Egypt in=20 1798, Greek Rebellion in 1821, Revolt of Egypt Governor = Mehmet Ali=20 Pasha in Egypt in 1830, Crimean War between 1853-1856, = Revolts of=20 Ciddah and Syria in 1858, Eflak and Bogdan Uprisings between = 1857-1869, Tumult in Serbia between 1858-1870, Suez Channel = Problem=20 between 1859-1869. They started as inner problem of = Ottoman=20 Empire but became the problems of Europe in time.=20

East Crises entered into a = new=20 phase in 1875. Ottoman government increased land tax one = fourth in=20 order to find additional funds for budget. But this caused = Serbian=20 revolts Bosnia-Herzegovina on 13 April 1875. Soldiers moved = towards=20 rebellion Serbians who cut the roads and got the control of = some=20 villages and bridges. It spreaded other regions in the = country in a=20 short time and started a diplomatic crisis both at home and = abroad.=20 In fact, it started the Great East Crisis, which will last = in=20 1878.

After the rebellion in=20 Bosnia-Herzegovina, Mahmud Nedim Pasha was assigned as Prime = Minister, who made changes about the management of governors = in=20 provinces. Some time later, he abolished the tax and = forgiven some=20 debts of formers. He also promised new basic reforms in = Ottoman=20 empire with the declarations announced on 20 October 1875 = and 12=20 December 1875. But revolt continued despite these=20 efforts.

Revolt in Bosnia = encouraged=20 Bulgarian revolutionary committees for start an uprising in=20 Bulgaria. They started a rebellion in April 1876 near Filibe = and=20 Pazarcik. They murdered hundreds of Turks during this revolt = and=20 they applied an assimilation policy. Having the support of = Russia,=20 Serbia announced war against Ottoman Empire on 1 July 1876 = after=20 signing a friendly agreement with Karadag. Thus Balkan = Crisis I=20 started.

Bosnia Crisis, Bulgarian = Revolt=20 and Ottoman - Serbian & Karadag War gave European = countries an=20 opportunity to interfere Ottoman administration. Austria and = Russia=20 agreed on taking necessary measures in the Balkans and = signed an=20 agreement in Reichstat on 8 July 1876 in order to show their = determinate attitude towards Ottoman Empire.

Reichstat Agreement laid = the=20 foundation for sharing Ottoman Lands between Austria and = Russia,=20 which countries were followed by France and England for the = rest of=20 Ottoman empire. Turkish armies defeated Serbians in August = 1876 near=20 Aleksinats and this brought East Crisis to a new dimension. = Russia=20 sent ultimatum to protect Serbia and succeeded. Moreover, = they had=20 the opportunity to start a war against Ottomans in order to = reach=20 its objectives of making Black Sea a Russian lake and = control the=20 Channels and Balkans. Their real aim was not to save = non-Muslim and=20 non-Turk elements in the Balkans but to protect its own = imperialist,=20 economical and political interests. Russian Tzardom wanted = to=20 dominate the world in the said period.

To be=20 = continued

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